Psicologia, loucura e justiça: os laudos psicológicos produzidos no IPF / Psychology, madness, and justice: the psychological reports produced by the Forensic Psychiatric Institute Maurício Cardoso / Psicología, locura y justicia: los informes psicológicos producidos por el Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso

Resumo Este artigo busca compreender, desde uma perspectiva arqueogenealógica, a produção de laudos psicológicos no contexto do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso (IPF) entre 1989 e 2016. Para tal, realiza-se um breve percorrido histórico da reforma do sistema penal do final do século XVIII, com o estabelecimento de uma nova racionalidade penal e dos tensionamentos que o crime sem razão produz neste regime de verdade. Com isso, pretende-se situar a produção dos laudos psicológicos no campo de relações entre os discursos jurídico e psiquiátrico. Foram analisadas 263 papeletas administrativas catalogadas no arquivo do IPF, o que resultou na seleção de 43 documentos produzidos por psicólogos para compor o escopo da pesquisa. Os laudos foram divididos em cinco períodos, nos quais podem ser identificados três regimes discursivos: um regime explicativo, fundado nas relações entre desenvolvimento, instinto e perigo; um regime marcadamente disciplinar, de vigilância e relato; e, por fim, um regime discursivo, que funciona por meio de uma modulação do poder de cuidado.(AU)

Abstract This article aims to understand the production of psychological reports in the Forensic Psychiatric Institute (FPI) Maurício Cardoso between 1989 and 2016 from an archaeogenealogical perspective. To locate the production of psychological reports in the field of relations between judicial and psychiatric discourses, this study performed a brief historical review of the 18th-century penal system reform, which established a new criminal rationality and heightened the tensions produced by crimes without reason in this regime of truth. From the 263 administrative folders cataloged in the FPI archive, 43 documents written by psychologists were selected for the research scope. These documents were analyzed and divided into five different moments, indicating three discursive regimes: an explanatory one, founded on the relations between development, instinct, and danger; a disciplinary regime of surveillance and reporting; and a discursive regime that works through the modulation of care power.(AU)

Resumen Este artículo pretende comprender, desde la perspectiva arqueogenealógica, la producción de informes psicológicos por el Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso (IPF) en el período entre 1989 y 2016. Para ello, se realiza un breve recorrido histórico de la reforma del sistema penal de finales del siglo XVIII, con el establecimiento de una nueva racionalidad penal y de las tensiones que el delito sin razón produce en este régimen de verdad. Lo que se propone es situar la producción de los informes psicológicos en el campo de relaciones entre los discursos jurídico y psiquiátrico. Se analizaron 263 papeletas administrativas catalogadas en el IPF, lo que resultó en la selección de 43 documentos producidos por psicólogos para componer el corpus de la investigación. Los informes se dividieron en cinco períodos en que pueden ser identificados tres regímenes discursivos: el explicativo fundado en las relaciones entre desarrollo, instinto y peligro; el marcadamente disciplinario, de vigilancia y relato; y, por fin, el discursivo que funciona mediante una modulación del poder de cuidado.(AU)

A brief history of the criminalization of mental illness.

This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.

Child delinquency and intelligence testing at Santiago's Juvenile Court, Chile, 1929-1942.

This article deals with intelligence testing conducted at Santiago's Juvenile Court, in Chile, between 1929 and 1942. It is based on an analysis of 56 court records containing psychological or psychopedagogical reports filed by the Section for Observation and Classification at Santiago's House of Juveniles, an institution created in 1929 as part of the Juvenile Protection Law. To understand the purposes for juvenile intelligence testing in this field, several articles published at the time by the key actors involved in these institutions will also be analyzed. The results of this research signal, first, that psychology did indeed play a role in the juvenile justice system by laying the groundwork for the idea that it was necessary to measure and diagnose intelligence. The Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, developed in France between 1904 and 1911 and adapted for Chile between 1922 and 1925, was systematically administered to juveniles in Santiago's Juvenile Court; the results were deployed as technical-scientific recommendations at the service of the presiding juvenile judge. On the one hand, this instrument, supposedly scientific and objective, helped legitimize the nascent field of psychology. On the other, it emerged as a useful tool in its own right to assess children. Second, the notions of intelligence underpinning these practices, while certainly in debt to the American approaches from which they were appropriated, managed to forge a more balanced stance between nature and nurture, positioning intelligence testing as a way of conceiving of and planning to prevent crime and reeducate juveniles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Rebury the "Atavistic Skull" Studied by Lombroso?

On May 16, 2017, the judgment of the Italian court ended the legal battle concerning the repatriation request of the famous skull, belonging to the "brigand" Giuseppe Villella. During the autopsy examination on the corpse of Villella, Lombroso observed a median occipital dimple on the skull, a feature visible in other mammals, including primates, but absent in humans. This feature could demonstrate an anomalous dimension of the median lobe of Villella's cerebellum. From this anatomical finding, Lombroso consolidated the atavism theory, which established a close connection between morphological features and behavior.The Lombroso Museum and the University of Turin reiterated the legitimacy of the possession of the skull as cultural property in accordance with the Code of Cultural Heritage and as a find of forensic psychopathology. Finally, the court rejected the request from Villella's hometown, highlighting that the scientific theory is unquestionably invalid, but his existence cannot be denied.The "special" nature of human remains emerges from the special way in which the Code of Ethics of the International Council of Museums treats them, which also implies respect to the other material of the museum collections.